In a large Dutch oven, cook the bacon over medium heat until golden and crisp, 5 to 7 minutes. Use a slotted spoon to transfer the bacon to a paper towel-lined plate.
Add the kielbasa to the drippings in the pot and cook until lightly browned and fragrant, 3 to 5 minutes. Remove to the plate with the bacon.
Drain off all but 1 tablespoon of fat.
Add the ground beef, onion, and garlic to the drippings in the pot and cook, stirring frequently and breaking up the meat with a wooden spoon, until lightly browned, 5 to 7 minutes.
Sprinkle in the flour, chili powder, cumin, salt, and pepper. Cook until the flour smells toasty, 1 to 2 minutes.
Stir in the chicken broth, beans (with their liquid), corn, tomatoes with green chilis (with their liquid), and potatoes.
Bring to a boil and return the bacon and sausage to the pot.
Reduce the heat to medium-low, cover, and simmer until the potatoes are tender.